This site is a tool for thermal heat calculations for heat flow and surface temperatures on walls or pipes. From your list of materials you assemble a wall to perform calculations on.
Our calculations are based on the principles of convection. Most importantly the natural convection that occur between the furnace wall (the shell surface) and the atmosphere caused by the difference in temperature between the two bodies.
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Natural convection is a form of heat transfer where air movement is not driven by an external source, such as wind, but the differences in air density, which in turn is caused by temperature differences.
The air surrounding a heat source will naturally always receive heat energy. This reduces the density of the air so that it starts to rise. The surrounding colder air drops and replaces the heated air. This cooler air is then heated and the process proceeds, so that an air stream is formed in which energy is supplied from the bottom to the top of the cycle.
The driving force for the natural convection is that warm air rises as a result of differences in air density. This means that even in an enclosed room with no ventilation, there will aways be some natural air movement, even at 0 m/s mechanical air velocity. It is very important that thermal calulations take this factor into account.
The compound of the natural convection air movement and the actual mechanical wind acting on the wall (called air velocity in the calculation sheet) forms a very important factor in governing the shell surface temperature.